Friar in Canterbury Tales Essay -- essays papers

Friar in Canterbury Tales Chaucers attitude towards the friar is one of sarcasm. The friar is frivol and merry, but this pleasant-sounding description is actually packed with mockery. By the 14th century, friars, who were supposed to give up all worldly things and live only by mendicancy for food and alms, were almost totally corrupt. They were known for flattering the rich and deceiving the poor, and especially for seducing women in outright disregard for their vow of celibacy. Chaucers Friar, Hubert, is a limiter, one who is licensed to rap in a certain area. Hes married off women giving each of his young women what he could afford her which implies that he seduced them first. Hes highly believed and intimate with country mob within his boundary and city dames of ...

The Drug Codeine :: essays research papers

The Drug CodeineWe intentiond several different sources to gather our information. We go informationfrom Jay Moser and Sue Peterson, our deuce local pharmacists. We researchedmedical encyclopedias, journals, and magazines. Codeine is known medically asmethylmorphine. It is a medicate derived from opium, a poppy plant. It wasdiscovered in 1832 by French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet. Codeine constitutesabout 0.5 to 2.5 per centum of this plant substance. The drug has been in use sincethe early 1900s and it shares most of the pharmacologic characteristics ofmorphine, the other alkaloid in opium. Codeine is classified as a narcotic, ithas the same painkiller publication as morphine but is only one-sixth to one-tenth asstrong. Codeine occurs as a colorless or white crystals or as a white,crystalline powder and is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble inalcohol. The phosphate and sulfate salts of codeine occur as white, needle-shaped crystals or white, crystalline powders. Why i s it used? Codeine is mostuseful in the relief of mild to moderate pain. It is also used as a cough allaybecause it suppresses the part of the brain that triggers coughing, and as ananti-diarrheal drug, because it slows down muscle contractions in the intestinalwall. There are possible wayward effects. The most frequently observed indecorousreactions include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, andsweating. These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory patients and inthose who are not suffering severe pain. Other adverse reactions include thefollowing (1) Central Nervous System- Euphoria, dysphoria, weakness, headache,insomnia, agitation, disorientation, and visual disturbances. (2)Gastrointestinal- Dry mouth, anorexia, constipation, and biliary tract spasm.(3) Cardiovascular- Flushing of the face, abnormally slow heartbeat, faintness,and syncope. (4) Genitourinary- Urinary retention of hesitancy, anti-diureticeffect. (5) Allergic- skin rashes.Most drug manufactors list specific warnings to be aware of when taking codeine.(1) Codeine sulfate can produce drug dependence of the morphine type, andtherefore has the potential for being treat psychic dependence, physicaldependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of Codeine.(2) Codeine may impair the mental and or physical abilities required for the instruction execution of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operatingmachinery. (3) Patients receiving other narcotic painkillers, generalanesthetics, tranquilizers, or other exchange nervous system depressants,including alcohol with codeine may exhibit an additive central nervous systemdepression. Who shouldnt take codeine? Pregnant women should not use codeinebecause safe use in pregnancy has not been established. Children below the ageof three shouldnt be given this drug for that age group hasnt been established.Codeine should be given with caution to real patients such as the elderly or

Flood of Epic of Gilgamesh and Book of Genesis of the Holy Bible :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Flood of Gilgamesh and propagation The Epic of Gilgamesh records a story of a world-wide flood and pre-dates coevals. So some claim that this invalidates the Genesis record. But P.J. Wiseman presents an interesting possible action in this regard in his book Ancient Records and the Structure of Genesis (New York Thomas Nelson, 1985). He believes that Moses did not write Genesis but rather translated it from superannuated stone tablets written in Cuneiform script. The tablets each would have been originally written by eye-witnesses of the particular events, or those who received their information from eye-witnesses. He breaks Genesis into parts according to the phrase These are the generations (KJV This is the history - NKJV This the account - NASB NIV Gen 24 51 69 101 1110 1127 2512,9 361,9 372). He compares the use of this phrase and the structure of each section to the stone tablets written in cuneiform script. Many of these tablets have been discovered and they date to the third millenium BC. Wisemans theory is that Genesis is translated from individual tablets which would have contained the material before each occurrence of the above phrase. So the narratives of the creation of the universe (Gen 1) and of the Garden of Eden (Gen 2) would have been written on one tablet by Adam as these events were revealed to him by the that Eye-witness of the events, God Himself. The narratives of the Fall and subsequent events would have been written on another tablet by Adam as an eye-witness of the events. Adam then passed each of these tablets on to his descendant Seth. Seth then recorded the events of Gen 5 and passed the tablets to his descendant Noah. Noah then recorded the events of Gen 6-9 and passed the tablets to his descendant Shem, and so one until Joseph. Joseph then recorded the final chapters of Genesis and placed all of the tablets in the library of the pharaohs. Moses then, while in pharaohs court, would have had access to these tablets. He the n translated them into his native Hebrew. The above theory fits with discordant evidences in the Scriptures. For instance, it would explain such passages as Exod 63 I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, but by My name, LORD YHWH, I was not cognize to them. But the Tetragrammaton appears in Genesis, making for an apparent contradiction.

Philosphy of Special Education :: essays research papers

Philosophy of Special EducationI have known that I have wanted to become a special development teacher for almost three years. Over those three years I did lots of reach on experience with special education schoolchilds. This past semester though I learned more in a semester about special education than I have in the past two and half years. Intro to Exceptional has taught me a lot of good information about laws, rules, and regulations of special education. I recollect that inclusion is necessary for a child to prosper in society. I think that it is a great learning experience for both the special education student and their peers in the class. I think they both can learn a lot from each other. I also believe though if the student has a severe enough problem where learning in a regular setting would not benefit them I believe they should be set in a setting where learning is most beneficial. Inclusion is a very good thing when it is used right where both the special edu cation student and their peers can both learn from each other and still not be distracted from their studies.Being in Intro to Exceptional this semester and universe a teacher?s assistant was a great experience. This class really helped me understand the students better. For example, in class we talked about the reward system with students. bingle student in my class had a hard time staying focused and getting his homework done. He always worked with me so I set up a deal with the teacher and if he finished his workbook by the time I was done with TA then he and I could have a game day. After that reward was set he did great.

The Deadly Influence of National Socialism Essay -- National Socialism

The Deadly Influence of National socialist economyNational Socialism was a g everywherenmental movement that emerged in Germany after its defeat in World War I. This movement is more commonly known as Nazism. The National Socialist troupe or Nazi Party was formed in Munich is 1919. Adolph Hitler was given all dictatorial powers as the result of the Enabling Act. By 1933 the party had gained control oer the entire German state and the ideas, propaganda, and doctrines of National Socialism were written in Hitlers Mein Kampf (My Struggle) . Hitler believed that, The Nordic master race was created to rule over inferior races, especially the Jews (McManus 5). This was honorable the beginning of Nazi thought that swept throughout Germany until the end of World War II. Party membership was voluntary and millions joined, some willingly and others against their will. National Socialism transformed Germany from a weak republic to a powerful state. This change was brought about by on e individual, Adolph Hitler. Hitler had tremendous influence over millions in the German community. National Socialism greatly influenced the church and education in the Third Reich. Today the Nazi influence is seen in white nationalist groups all over the world. It was essential for churches in the Third Reich to understand what was happening politically in Germany. Hitler subordinated church policy to his political policies. Tensions were high in the German Bishops Conference amongst the president Archbishop Bertram and Bishop Preysing. Preysing saw that the Third Reich was corrupt as early as 1933. The Vatican and most of the German Bishops agreed with the ideas of National Socialism. Bertram defended the government until his death in 1945. Preysing... ...race is winner to all others. Hitler impacted both the church and education in Germany. The effects of the Nazi party are still felt today. The power of an individual should never be underestimated. In Hitlers ca se, it is apparent that one individual can influence millions lives and completely change the course of history. Works Cited - Blackburn, Gilmer. Education in the Third Reich. capital of New York New York Press, 1985. - Constable, George. The Twisted Dream. Virginia TIME-LIFE, 1990. - Gay, Kathlyn. Neo-Nazis A Growing Threat. New Jersey Enslow, 1997 - Hockenas, Paul. Free to Hate. London Routledge, 1993. - McManus, Jason. The New Order. Virginia TIME-LIFE, 1989. - Scholder, Klaus. A Requiem for Hitler. Philadelphia Trinity, 1989. - Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich. New York Macmillan, 1969.

The Deadly Influence of National Socialism Essay -- National Socialism

The Deadly Influence of National fabianismNational Socialism was a political movement that emerged in Germany after its defeat in World War I. This movement is more commonly known as national socialistsm. The National Socialist Party or Nazi Party was formed in Munich is 1919. Adolph Hitler was given all dictatorial powers as the result of the Enabling Act. By 1933 the party had gained control over the entire German state and the ideas, propaganda, and doctrines of National Socialism were written in Hitlers Mein Kampf (My Struggle) . Hitler believed that, The Nordic master race was created to rule over inferior races, especially the Jews (McManus 5). This was just the beginning of Nazi thought that swept throughout Germany until the end of World War II. Party membership was voluntary and millions joined, some willingly and others against their will. National Socialism transformed Germany from a weak republic to a powerful state. This change was brought about by one individu al, Adolph Hitler. Hitler had tremendous influence over millions in the German community. National Socialism greatly influenced the church and education in the Third Reich. Today the Nazi influence is seen in white nationalist groups all over the world. It was essential for churches in the Third Reich to understand what was happening politically in Germany. Hitler subordinated church policy to his political policies. Tensions were high in the German Bishops Conference between the president Archbishop Bertram and Bishop Preysing. Preysing apothegm that the Third Reich was corrupt as early as 1933. The Vatican and most of the German Bishops agreed with the ideas of National Socialism. Bertram defended the government until his death in 1945. Preysing... ...race is superior to all others. Hitler force both the church and education in Germany. The effects of the Nazi party are still felt today. The power of an individual should never be underestimated. In Hitlers case, it is apparent that one individual can influence millions lives and completely change the course of history. Works Cited - Blackburn, Gilmer. Education in the Third Reich. Albany New York Press, 1985. - Constable, George. The squirm Dream. Virginia TIME-LIFE, 1990. - Gay, Kathlyn. Neo-Nazis A Growing Threat. New Jersey Enslow, 1997 - Hockenas, Paul. Free to Hate. London Routledge, 1993. - McManus, Jason. The New Order. Virginia TIME-LIFE, 1989. - Scholder, Klaus. A Requiem for Hitler. Philadelphia Trinity, 1989. - Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich. New York Macmillan, 1969.

My Critical Response to Secret History by: Leonora Sansay Essay

The novel Secret History by Leonora Sansay for withdrawers it is a little complicated. It is mainly talking about a young lady that travels a lot with her sister. Her sister and her husband got divorced and she started writing some stories in the form of letters. The novel Secret History is showing us how bad the route of treatment was in Europe and the marriage at this clock was a hard issue.The women were treated badly and people had a lot of problems because they used to repair in a relationship and it was not aloneowed at this time, so this created more problems. Sansay in the novel is showing us on her writing the various sides of sexuality and marriages in a very nice way of writing. Sansay has her own way of writing that you see a little bit complicated but when you read till the end she gives readers the conclusion behind what she writes. In Secret History Sansay is showing us her personal experiences that she had with Mary and Clara her sister.She had a lot of problems with her husband and she has been endlessly gloomy and unhappy. Mary writes letters to Burr and she is explaining about how her sisters husband is bad with her and he treated her in a horrible way. She in like manner wrote about the Haitian culture and how they live under the colonial law and their regulations. They had ethnic and culture problems and they faced a lot of fighting and brutality with the Haitians, but the female was so strong together.Sansay does not seem to like the British in this novel and she said that they are thieves and they robbed them unlike the Americans. In the horrors of St. Domingo, Sansay as well showed us how the female under the Haitian revolution were oppressed especially when it comes to marriage. They had a lot of brutality at this time and there were always problems with the armed services and the people who lived there. The relationship with men and women were very complicated and it has to be under colonial powers.In some of Marys letters she said that by participating in the balls, this changed Claras condition and made her feel better, because she was depressed because of her marriage. The balls seem to be good for female and male to get to know each other more and break that oppression that females have under the colonial powers. In the novel, readers find out that the French people think that will yet how they will look it will make certain of their triumph and they would win womens hearts, and also conquering the Haitian powers.Clara also in having a relationship with Rochambeau and this shows how female/ male used to deal with each other at the time of the Haitian revolution and that Rochambeau is taking advantage of Clara at war time so that he can stop her from departing the island. This is an example of how women were abused under the Haitian rule and they were an example of its outcomes. Rochambeau always wants to overpower and defeat Clara, whenever she introduces herself as the wife of the French colonial, and this shows an example of the married people relations with each other.Mary and Clara decided to go to Cuba, they were always introduced to other women that have a lot of problems with their husbands and they were all looking for their freedom. At the end of the novel, readers see the difference of how the women used to be and how they started to have their freedoms back. There was no more danger and threatening from the black women to gabardine women. Secret History is a great example of violence, and the difference between the time of the Haitian revolution and the time after it.

Philosophy Prep Essay

1. What are the disagreeent branches of philosophy, and what are they about?2.Explain what a fallacy is. What physique of mistake is someone making when they commit a formal fallacy in an line of business?3. What is wisdom, and how does philosophy relate to it?4. Describe the nature of critical approximateing. What prefer does the critical thinker have over someone who lacks that skill?5. Describe and explain the steps in the critical-thinking passage.6. What is wrong with relativism as a thought process? What does the relativist need to understand?7. What do you think you can fruitfully learn from the study of philosophy? How can you apply philosophy to your life?8. Describe the stoop of Homer on early Greek thought. How did he pave the way for philosophical thought?9. Describe and explain the underlying philosophy of knowledge that direct Socrates method of knowledge.10. Who were the sophists, and why did they oppose Socrates?11. Explain why Socrates was arrested. How did h e respond to the charges against him?12. Explain Platos view of the soul. Why did he liken it to a chariot?13. What was Descartes conclusion about the nature of the self, and how did he arrive at that conclusion?14. How did John Lockes views differ from those of Descartes? How did thatdetermine Lockes views of the self?15. What was Humes argument for the position that there is no such thing as the self?16. What was distinctive about Kants view of the nature of self as cogitate to experience?17. What was Ryles view of the mental as it relates to the physical? How did Ryles view differ from those before him?18. What are the two forms of physicalism? How do they differ from each other?19. What is determinism? How is it different from the thesis that there is no vindicate will?20. What is hard determinism, and how is it argued for?21. What did Baron DHolbach mean by reflexion that absence seizure of constraint is not absence of necessity?22. Explain the distinction that was made by W .T. Stace in arguing for the compatibility of free will with determinism.23.What did Moritz Schlick mean by saying If decisions were causeless there would be no sense in trying to influence men. What role did this thought have in his theory of free will?24. What is existentialism? Explain Jean-Paul Sartres existentialist position on the nature of free actions.25. Give some examples of questions that are asked in metaphysics. Which one(s) do you think are best indicative of the subject matter of metaphysics? Explain.26. Describe the subject matter of epistemology, and explain what questions in epistemology you think are worth pursuing.27. Describe Platos doctrine of the Forms. What questions was it meant to answer?28. Describe Platos hierarchical metaphysics, explaining the relationships between the levels.29. Explain and contrast the theories of knowledge of rationalism and empiricism.30. How did Descartes go out about pursuing single knowledge that could be absolutely certain? Wha t did he find?

A radical democrat: King’s Last Campaign

The task of this paper is two-fold first, this paper will trace and explain the phylogeny of Martin Luther King, youngers belief that war, racism and economic injustice argon all intertwined and crowd out be dealt with the restructuring of societys priorities and addressed the necessity of a transformation of apprizes second, this paper will also explain how he carried out his beliefs in the Memphis select and the Poor Peoples Campaign in 1968 what the compose and University of Washington professor, Michael K. Honey called Martin Luther Kings Last Campaign.At the onset of this paper, it is important to note that Kings background which includes his race, habituation, education and devotion among many others is crucial in his struggle against racial discrimination, violence and economic injustice as experienced by blacks in the United States of America. The son of a minister, he was habituated in the teachings of Christianity and was able to attend and complete his formal educa tion with degrees in sociology, theology and divinity. King was a pastor himself at Dexter highroad Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama in the year 1953 prior to finishing his doctoral degree in systematic theology from Boston University on 1955.What prompted the Memphis Strike? Memphis in 1968 was ruled by a paternalistic plantation mentality embodied in its good-old-boy mayor, Henry Loeb. Wretched conditions, abusive white supervisors, poor education, and impoverished wages locked some black workers into poverty (Honey, 2007). This characterization of the political, economic and societal conditions of the blacks in Memphis in 1968 by Honey may be cited as reasons of construct and institutionalized oppression.By manufactured and institutionalized oppression, I mean oppression which involves the mechanisms of law and power relations the basis of which is against the natural law. congenital law theorists, following the thoughts of St. Augustine that an unjust law is not a l aw at all and Aquinas notion of law as an ordinance of sympathy, view morality as essentially tied up with the very essence of law.How does King figure in all of this? How can we explain the evolution of Kings ideological perspective? The point is clear Oppression and un true(p) treatment of individuals is not morally valid nor is it morally permissible most especially if the basis of such is the individuals ethnicity or race. As the Kantians believed, each person has a capacity for rational deliberation and choice and as such, an autonomous being with dignity and therefore, ought to be respected by virtue of being military man persons.The evolution of Kings ideological perspective may therefore be construed in such way that it is a product, both of his experiences as a black living in a white-dominated society and his philosophic and political development and this may be inferred from Faircloughs book, Martin Luther King, Jr., 1995. Kings speeches very clearly communicate his vi ews I believe that unarmed uprightness and unconditional love will have the final word in reality.I have the audacity to believe that peoples everywhere can have tether meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality, and freedom for their spirits (as cited by Carson, 1998).Three important points about King and his political thrusts, philosophical orientation and as to why he may be called a radical democrat may be inferred from the aforementioned quotation. First, as a leading figure in elegant rights movement King believed in the tenets of democracy and liberalism in the sense that he believed that both white and black Americans must have fair treatment in the realm of the law, for the purpose of law itself is the administration of social justice.Second, he believed in the non-necessity of violence. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhis civil disobedience, he believed that there are peaceful ways in and by dint of which the problem of politic al and economic injustice may be resolved. It may further be inferred that for him, political, economic and social change can best be achieved not through violence and that the government should not keep itself busy from going to war, as in the case of the Vietnam War nor by transforming a portion or a sector of society but what is needed is a restructuring of the society as a whole. King believed that a revolution of values is a matter of strict necessity. Kings views may be identified as radical in this sense.He emphatic the need to restructure even how we think about black Americans or African Americans. It may be inferred that racism, the feeling of being superior over other race or ethnic group or nationality is grounded on the wrong premises wrong modes of thinking and reasoning. It is by transforming our psyche and by appealing through reason and conscience that society as a whole may chart its rightful path towards genuine social change.Third, he believed and fought not e ntirely for civil rights but also for economic changes especially labor rights and lobbied for law reforms to be enacted to protect Negroes from exploitation and oppressive schemes adopted by employers. These include fair treatment and equal work opportunity, just compensation, etc. This is how he carried out his beliefs in the Memphis Strike and the Poor Peoples Campaign. King served as a voice crying for the emancipation not only of black Americans but also of other human beings from the chains of oppression.Based on the above discussion, we can see why King believed that the problems and conflicts brought about by war, racism and economic injustice are all intertwined. What we can infer from his views is the interweaving and interconnecting patterns brought about by racism itself. But racism is not in itself the root of the problem it is merely an effect of a traceable cause.This cause, this root of racism, is none other than a perverted value system, a wrong frame of mind resul ting to feelings of superiority and even contempt and hate which further results to taking an unfair advantage of other human beings, plus a very materialistic market essentially driven by capital.The fault is, at bottom, deeply embedded with the minds of persons and a wrong value system, a wrong sense of pride and nationality, for it fails, in the Kantian sense, to respect persons for the sake of being human persons, not as mere means and tools that another(prenominal) person or race may use but as ends-in-themselves, possessing the capacity for rational thought, capable of making rational choices and thereby, beings that are autonomous and dignified and for the aforementioned reasons, deserve to be respected.ReferencesCarson, C. A Call to Conscience The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Warner Books Reprint edition (January 1, 2002).Fairclough, A. Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Georgia Press, c. 1995.Honey, M. Going Down Jericho track The Memphis Strike, Ma rtin Luther Kings Last Campaign W. W. Norton (January 15, 2007).

Talent Planning

This report has been written on Talent Planning, within this report the following will be indentified and assessed At least iv shipway that affect the organisations get to attracting talent, tercet organisation make headways of attracting and retaining a diverse work effect, three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selection methods, three purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations and I will include our organisations induction plans that will identify argonas covered in the plans, including timelines and those intricate in the process.Main Identify and assess at least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talent Skill Shortage finding the right people outside of the organisation peck be a ch solelyenge, in cases where companies are expanding into unfermented markets that theyre non aware of, expanding into new business where they may not get under ones skin the core skills. Identify at le ast three organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce.Employing diverse individuals heap support an ease of communication within the market places for example employing somebody who foot speak more than than one actors line could be usual to joined Biscuits if they were to be part of a UB International sales team. By employing a diverse work force the organisation shows that is has an appreciation of culture and beliefs, it is compliant with the Equality and Diversity Act 2010. The comp whatsoever must protect individuals from un evenhandedly treatment and promote a fair and more exist society (Equality Act 2010).Ensuring a diverse work force also means that the employee has a wider skill base individuals from varied backgrounds etc can introduce new ways of working, or be able to bring new ideas and opinions to the workplace, that could benefit the business in many ways. Three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selectio n Cost of advertisement utilisation requirements and person specification. How many employees are to be addressn on for the role and contract length. Three benefits of opposite recruitment methodsThree different types of recruitment methods that Untied Biscuits use and the benefits of from each one are Recruitment agency benefits of recruiting through an agency are, the agency work with the companys requirements/specifications to filter candidates for interview process, the agency can be involved at interview compass points. More time efficient and effective than a manager prying through a number of applicants and CVs. Employee Referral candidates are known and practice by a current employee.Contract Staffing are not employed directly through the organisation, can get rid of at any time, can shop around for cheaper contractors, arent managed through the organisation. Three benefits of different recruitment selection see workbook slides. Interviews mental testing Assessments Referencing Three purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations It is important for any employee to receive a full and correct induction at the start of their employment, whether they are office or factory found, this is important because it is essential that both United Biscuits and the employeeFollowing correct policy and procedures from the start. This can avoid any company policies not being complied with or even any laws being broken for example, wellness and safety act 1998. The employee has background and information on the company in which they have joined. Include an induction plan that identifies areas to be covered, including timelines and those involved in the process. United Biscuits has varied inductions plans depending on your role within the business whether it is in the merged agency teams or a factory based employee.I have attached a copy of our somatic Induction presentation that is used when a corporate decease member of staff joi ns the business (please see appendix). The induction plan for a factory-based employee is slightly different as this induction includes information, which is relevant to the site they are based in and also to their role within the site. This induction includes a presentation as does the corporate functions, and a number of rules that must be followed at all times whilst on site, for example, certain factories are nut free zones this means that you cant take any form of nut, or food containing nuts on to the site.It is important for these rules to be made clear from the start of an employees employment to avoid corrective action/dismissals from the business at a later stage if these rules are not followed. A factory employee will also have to attend various health & safety courses etc, normally where possible in the first base weeks of employment. All employees based on a factory site are taken on a guide of the factory and are provided with the correct wearing on their first day. Talent PlanningIntroductionThis report has been written on Talent Planning, within this report the following will be indentified and assessed At least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talent, three organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce, three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selection methods, three purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations and I will include our organisations induction plans that will identify areas covered in the plans, including timelines and those involved in the process.MainIdentify and assess at least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talentSkill Shortage finding the right people outside of the organisation can be a challenge, in cases where companies are expanding into new markets that theyre not aware of, expanding into new business where they may not have the core skills.Identify at least three organisatio n benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce.Employing diverse individuals can support an ease of communication within the market places for example employing somebody who can speak more than one language could be usual to United Biscuits if they were to be part of a UB International sales team. By employing a diverse work force the organisation shows that is has an understanding of culture and beliefs, it is compliant with the Equality and Diversity Act 2010.The company must protect individuals from unfair treatment and promote a fair and more equal society (Equality Act 2010). Ensuring a diverse work force also means that the employee has a wider skill base individuals from different backgrounds etccan introduce new ways of working, or be able to bring new ideas and opinions to the workplace, that could benefit the business in many ways.Three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selectionCost of advertisement Role requirements and person s pecification. How many employees are to be taken on for the role and contract length.Three benefits of different recruitment methodsThree different types of recruitment methods that Untied Biscuits use and the benefits of each areRecruitment agency benefits of recruiting through an agency are, the agency work with the companys requirements/specifications to filter candidates for interview process, the agency can be involved at interview stages. More time efficient and effective than a manager searching through a number of applicants and CVs. Employee Referral candidates are known and trust by a current employee. Contract Staffing are not employed directly through the organisation, can get rid of at any time, can shop around for cheaper contractors, arent managed through the organisation.Three benefits of different recruitment selection see workbook slides.Interviews Psychological testing Assessments ReferencingThree purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organis ationsIt is important for any employee to receive a full and correct induction at the start of their employment, whether they are office or factory based, this is important because it is essential that both United Biscuits and the employeeFollowing correct policy and procedures from the start. This can avoid any company policies not being complied with or even any laws being broken for example, health and safety act 1998. The employee has background and information on the company in which they have joined.Include an induction plan that identifies areas to be covered, including timelines and those involved in the process.United Biscuits has varied inductions plans depending on your role within the business whether it is in the corporate function teams or a factory based employee.I have attached a copy of our Corporate Induction presentation that is used when a corporate function member of staff joins the business (please see appendix).The induction plan for a factory-based employee i s slightly different as this induction includes information, which is relevant to the site they are based in and also to their role within the site. This induction includes a presentation as does the corporate functions, and a number of rules that must be followed at all times whilst on site, for example, certain factories are nut free zones this means that you cant take any form of nut, or food containing nuts on to the site.It is important for these rules to be made clear from the start of an employees employment to avoid disciplinary action/dismissals from the business at a later stage if these rules are not followed.A factory employee will also have to attend various Health & safety courses etc, normally where possible in the first weeks of employment. All employees based on a factory site are taken on a guide of the factory and are provided with the correct clothing on their first day.

Bachelor in business and management studies

In this contemplation essay I will discourse my experience in weeing in- assemblage, composing accomplishment and take notes skill, enchantress is actu alto take inhery touch my demands.To began with, my first resolve in meeting at UWIC that was at the beginning of term wholeness, we affirmed by the leader of concern in mount skill that we have 20 % of entire appraisal will be a group presentation ( 15 -20 proceedingss ) , besides the subjects will be depute in 3rd seminar ( Week 4-12 ) , and the presentation will get down from hebdomad 33 ( 14 March 2011 ) . That sound considers me exciting because I want to work in-group, where I already have some cognition from my working in ministry of wellness, Sultanate Of Oman.After that, during that term, the faculty coach, Andrea steel divided the category pupil to varied groups.A Me, George Cliff, Laura Colligan, and Catherine Casey to be in one group c every(prenominal)ed group E. Because of the group is assorted between male c hilds and misss, I though the group will be more(prenominal) active. Anyhow, this group must sit to garner during the seminars until the coach give us the subject of the presentation that we have to do.A Than, seminar after seminar, I shocked that no 1 came to that group notwithstanding Laura, me, and sometimes Catherine attended. I discussed with Laura that we could nt work without the remainder group. So, we decided to talk to our coach to see what force out she make. The response from our coach was to believe active every last(predicate)otment us to anther groups and she would direct an e-mail inform us witch group that we will f exclusively in. I became Sade because I will non work in that group.In the last hebdomad of the first term, precisely on 16/12/2010, I received an electronic mail sent to all pupils in the category for regeneration all groups.A Besides the subjects were given ( To what extent is leading contrastive from direction? ) that is my group subject. Fortun ately, there was no alteration in my group members besides the coach increased the squad members to be five instead than four.A William Gray has been joined the group ( Appendix 1 ) . Furthermore, there is a deadline that we must subject a transcript of the presentation on 04/03/2011.After Christmas interruption, in the 2nd term, we started the study.A As usual, most group squad did non go to the seminar group.A My confrere Laura three to reach some members that we should run into to complete the work, but no Convincing reply.Day by twenty-four hours, Laura and me started to fix the presentation. That make me to work chthonian presser, we had to complete the presentation before the deadline. AndA besides theA work will beA limited toA two. ThisA does notA accomplish theA goalA ofA the group s work. But we do nt hold option except complete our work, and me, her and possibly Catherine and George both will fall in us at the presentation twenty-four hours ( as Laura said ) . Differen tly we completed ( Laura and me ) the work and handed in I-zone on clip. It is truly bad experience to me to be in group non earnestly and did non take the duty of the work that we should did as a group. I agreed that the work finished by the clip, but non by two members merely from originally five members. The Surprising is, at the suggested twenty-four hours of the presentation, all group work met for the first clip. Indeed, that mad me disappointed from this group. As a group we should cognize the advantages of working in-group and what we should achieved. At least, I should inform faculty drill about that but I did non make that due to Laure takes the duty of our work. She said she would adjure to be the squad leader, so the squad leader must inform the module leader of any non active members in the squad as we informed antecedently. I am abashed that I did non took the duty to inform the faculty leader or the coach about what happened in this group from the beginning and lef t that to Laura. Because she is sympathetic with the members, she did non inform the specializer.As Burns and Sinfield ( 2003 ) concluded, If you can non work with some other people, you are improbable to be able to maintain a occupation . I think the simple and really effectual scheme is to take my group with attention. Choose people who are as motivated, positive and hardworking. Consequently, I faced the job with my group since the group may non involvement to work in this group in peculiar. Besides some pupils may happen it hard to take part in a group. Group work offers many advantages to us as a pupil. One thing it offers an chance to portion the work load. It is easer to make some research in the presentation subject if I portion it out. Furthermore, it gives the prospect to discourse things in-group and every one in the group will larn more if they had merely done something on their ain. Not merely this, it besides get to polish the personal and inter personal accomplish ments if we learn to discourse thoughts and negotiate schemes with tact and diplomatic in my group. Another advantages of group work is that a considerably group offers societal support that can interrupt down some of the isolation sometimes associated with being a pupil.Another accomplishment I would wish to discourse approximately in this essay is my writing manner. Trough the academic Year there is a figure of appointments I had to make. The coachs feedbacks indicate the betterment in my authorship. For illustration, in the Entrepreneurship and Enterprise faculty appointee feedback signifier was reference that, I am first-class in research and really good in complex body part presentation ( appendix 2 ) . That gives me the inducement to better my authorship for the following assignments. That is due to the techniques that I used within to better the quality of my response to the assignment undertaking. As Wallace ( 2004 ) and Longman and Atkinson ( 2005 ) Argues, the techniqu es areUsing definitions and illustrations when composing it is frequently utile to specify cardinal footings in order to forestall confusion or misinterpretation. Generally, I can do clearly statement by giving an illustration. But I can non turn out anything by giving illustration. There may be counter-examples that I have ignored or overlooked. In my assignment I tried to utilize definitions and illustrations because I know it makes my position clearer, besides that gives indicate to lecturer of my points.Evidence, deduction and illation when I want to back up my statement, I have to include some grounds. Because that implied the depend office of my authorship.Drafting and re-drafting composing assignment non handle composing an reply in an test, I likely have clip to compose my reply merely one time in test. Whereas composing an assignment is non timed. So, that able me to compose more than one bill of exchange. Re-drafting is painless when I used a word processer for my author ship it is greatly heighten the quality of my pen work.Overall impact ( coherence and signposting ) many first bill of exchanges suffer from non being consistent plenty and from being inadequately signposted. To avoid being in that state of affairs, I tried to accomplish much greater impact in my authorship bySignpost the construction in a stabilizing manner.Make it clear to the reader ( hangs together )Proofreading its 2nd and concluding phase of re-drafting. I concerned to look into in inside instructions for illustration, spelling, punctuation, pages numbered, spell-check, and whether grammar is justly.Mentions I ever make certain that all beginnings referred to in the listed of mentions. Furthermore, mentions must to be in the right alphabetical order, displayed in the appropriate manner, and besides complete in that they contain all the required beginning entropy. Writer s family name is most of import for alphabetical ordination.Writing really assist me to develop creat iveness and contribute to my ability to analyse chief thoughts and reflect in my authorship. I will concentrate in reading more books because that will supply me with the cognition of composing different manners such as studies or thesis.Taking note is another of import factor that contribute to the success of pupils in their academic old ages. That is one of my failings since the beginning of the academic twelvemonth. I neer take the important of taking note during the talks or seminars. I face job when I performed the economical test in the managing markets module in 2nd term, because I had non take the duty of the of import of note pickings. Notes serve several intents. First, some talk information might non be in the text or press releases, so I need to enter this information for future mention. Second, the information emphasized in a talk frequently signals what will be on test, and that s ground adequate for taking notes. Third, category notes serve as a mental representatio n of external storage. As I am a busy pupil, I can non retrieve every thing I hear accurately. Therefore, notes serve as alternate signifier of memory ( Longman & A Atkinson 2005 ) .Note taking AIDSs callback in several ways. First, note pickings is a multisensory activity that requires more seek than mere hearing does. This extra attempt additions my acquisition and provides extra ways for me to hive away, and subsequently recover, information. Because I do nt hold clip to compose of all time thing that s said by lector, I have to be selective. This selectivity helps me to be attending to the information. Given that I have already do some witting determinations about the importance of the information, I am more likely to retrieve it. Finally, as I am taking notes, my paraphrasis, form, and understand information to link this new information to my background. Therefore, integrate new thoughts more to the full and remember them more efficaciously ( Longman & A Atkinson 2005 ) .Th ere is no individual right manner to take notes. Some note taking schemes my will assist to better this accomplishment. For illustration, symbols, layout, highlighting, circling on paper, abbreviation, underlining, and usage of capital letters. Besides I need to day of the month each twenty-four hours notes because this provides mention point if I need to compare my notes with person. Furthermore, I have to reexamine my notes every bit shortly as possible after taking them. That allowed me to accomplish more so pupils who do nt reexamine notes. ( Wallace 2004 ) & A ( Longman & A Atkinson 2005 ) .

Safeguarding: Abuse and Children

Level 3 Assessment Unit 4 Understand how to unhazardousguard the welf ar of peasantren and juvenile tidy sum Y/601/1695 Credit Value 3 Your details Name Jatinder Kaur Randhawa School Willow Primary School OCR Candidate Number Date Scenario You harbour been asked by your line manager to research the subject of safeguarding the welf argon of children and young people to provide a booklet for newly appointed staff.The booklet volition be the underpinning knowledge for the training that staff receive from the line manager Your colleague ordain rely on you for accurate knowledge to enable colleagues to understand the chief(prenominal) legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding C&YP the importance of rangeing in partnership with other organisations to safeguard C&YP the importance of ensuring C&YPs synthetic rubber and fortress in the turn tail setting how to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been ab accustom or dispar ageed how to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been bullied how to work with C&YP to support their safety and well universe understand the importance of e-safety for C&YP The information you provide could be in every form and could include written information, diagrams, tables and illustrations. Use the building below to produce the material your colleague has asked you to create. You must cover each of the respectment criteria. Section 1 The main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding C&YP Assessment Criteria ( Please work over the calamity when you believe you have cover this in the content. 1. Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within our own UK Home nation affecting the safeguarding of C&YP 1. 2 let off child tax shelter within the wider concept of safeguarding C&YP 1. 3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with C&YP 1. 4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are requi rank and how the sharing of the finding informs practice 1. Explain how the processes used by your own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data defense, information handling and sharing Ans1. 1 Current legislation that supports the safeguarding of children and young persons is Children good turn 1933, Children flirt 1989, Children grooming Act 2002, Children Act 2004 and Children Act 2006. The Children Act 1933 Offences against children or young people listed or treated as schedule 1 to the children and young people Act 1933 Offences under the C&YP Act 1933 S1 Cruelty (including assault ill-treatment, neglect, abandonment or exposure in a manner likely to cause unnecessary distraint or injury to health) to a C&YP under 16. S3 Allowing a child or young person under 16 to be in a brothel. S4 Causing or eachowing a child or young person under 16 to be used for begging. S11 Exposing a child under 12 to risk of burning. The Children Act1989 Set out principles to guide work of local authorities and courts and also defined significant harm and a child in take aim of intervention. The Children Act 1989 This Act states that a childs welfare is paramount when the childs upbringing is concerned. It states what the local authorities should do to protect the child.The local authorities are charged with a duty to provide services for children in need and also their families. The Children Education Act 2002 Its based upon the way inform or places of educations is run or positd proper things for education like, school, governors LAs, and FE colleges to take steps to safeguard and promote welfare. The Children Act 2004 Provides the legal basis for childrens services set out in the EVERY CHILD MATTERS like Carrying daily activities with the children so as to maximise their opportunities whilst minimising their risk. The Children Act 2006 Is the f irst piece of legislation that is primarily concerned with (EY)and children and introduces the (EYFS) which supports settings in delivering eminent quality integrated early education. Other acts include The protection of Children Act 1999 Our school bond by 1st thing (CRB) they checked when u junction a school. (CRB) means Criminal Record Bureau holds data and checks all who will work with C&YP. health and Safety at work Act 1974 like take reasonable care of themselves and others, Ensure all tools and equipment are in good working condition and Report accidents and potential hazards. This Act is really important for every one when do work most important is school. GUIDELINES Our setting responsibility is the welfare and well-being of all children in the care. Every school have local safeguarding Children Board and attend that all staff is stamp downly trained and that procedures are put into practice. My school liaises regularly with other childcare agencies, much( prenominal) as health visitors, the local slough, ensure that all staff is trained to recognise every signs of abuse and any concerns directed to the nursery school will then be treated with absolute confidentiality and sensitivity. If a child discloses, or partially discloses, an issue which raises concerns this is immediately documented in the incident book.Parental allegations do against a member of staff are reported to the Daily manager strict confidence, Alternatively, the parents/ carers may contact the CPLO or deputy CPLO directly. POLICIES A number of Policies defend the children s welfare ,such as the parents complaints procedure, Lunch time policy, mutantground policy , Behaviour policy, lost child policy, Confidentiality policy, Major incident policy, staffing and employment policy. We also require the parents to sign a number of consent forms regarding outings. All the policy applies to staff, volunteers, visitors, etc. and there is a commitment to safe recr uitment, selection and vetting through CRB checks, Reference to legislation, wiz that underpins the policy.Most important thing is that parents and children are communicate of the policy and procedures. All children have the right to protection regardless of gender, ethnicity, belief, sexuality, disability, etc. . . . PROCEDURES Our policy had procedures. Procedures as they touch to local safeguarding childrens board procedures. Chid Protection Procedures and systems means step-by- step guidance on what to do in different circumstances and clarification of roles and responsibilities. ANS 1. 2 Child protection and safeguarding is not same thing. Safeguarding is everything.Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. It refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, significant harm or any form of abuse. The staying safe action plan covers three main areas universal safeguarding , involving work to keep all C& YP safe and create safe environments for them targeted Safeguarding to reduce the risks of harm like accidents, emergencies and illness etc. and responsive safeguarding, involving responding effectively when children are harmed. The action plan is about much than just preventing accidents or fish fillet boss around.Every child matters stay safe keeping children safe from neglect and abuse, accidents, bullying, crime and anti-social behaviour and providing a safe and stable home environment. ANS 1. 3 Our national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with C&YP. Maintanence a safe environment in class room, or playground, toilets. Recording all the accidents or incidents accurately. Informing senior colleagues correctly. Ensure visitors sign in correctly. Responding to fire alarm. Ensure children in a safe way. Deal with danger. Check CRB Stopping bullying By having policies/guidelines in place it help day to day care Risk assessment Guidelines and policies make practitioners aware that there is need to risk assess a wide range of situations within the childcare setting, on trips. Ensuring the voice of child or young person is heard. ANS. 1. 4 INQUIRIES Inquiries look into matters of serious cosmos concern. They are a tool for establishing acts and preventing something similar occurring. Inquiries are bigger than serious case reviews. They run by national government, public concern.They are a backward examination of events or circumstances surrounding a service failure or problem, specially established to find out what happened, understand why, and jibe from the experiences . The conclusions of the query are delivered in the form of a written report, given first to the government, and soon after published for public consumption . It is through their recommendation that inquiries have most impact. SERIOUS CASE REVIEWS The prime purpose of a serious case review (SCR) is for a gencies and individuals to reckon lessons to improve the way in which they work twain individually and collectively to safeguard and promote the welfare of children . They run by local safeguarding. Undertaking reviews of cases where abuse or neglect of a child is cognise or suspected, a child has died or a child has been seriously harmed, and there is cause for concern as to the way in which the authority, their Board partners or other relevant persons have worked together to safeguard the child. Inquiries and Serious case reviews are required when allegations of abuse have been made against a childcare practitioner, or a C&YP has been abused by a parent/carer. These are needed to make sure that the child or young person authorized the care and protection that they should have. Sharing the findings of these inquiries and serious case reviews enables childcare practitioners to review their practices and ensure that safeguarding policies are in place to cover any child pro tection issue that may arise. Section 2 The importance of working in partnership with other organisations to safeguard C&YP Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 2. 1 Explain the importance of safeguarding C&YP 2. 2 Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approach 2. 3 Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding 2. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a CorYP has been abused or harmed ANS. 2. 1 The importance of safeguarding children and young people are vulnerable as they have little sense of danger and only learn to assess risks with help from adults. Any childcare practitioner should ensure that children in their care are not at risk of harm and neglect from ostracize outcomes and support all children to develop their full potential. All children deserve to grow up in a loving, secure family. ANS. 2. 2 The importance of a child or young person centred approach The government has set out a positive vision of the outcomes to achieve. Some outcomes which matters most to C&YP. Being lusty enjoying good visible and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle. Staying safe being protected from harm and neglect. Working with child and their family. Keeping the chid in focus throughout assessments. Enjoying and achieving getting the most out of life and developing skills for adulthood. Making a positive contribution Economic well-being not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential in life. ANS. 2. 3 All services for children, covering special education needs, youth offending terms, health & GP, Polices, and Social services. CAF provides a support system to allow all children who are being cared for or treated by a variety of different people/places to share information. This ensures that the individual child or young person receives the care required. All organisation work in partnership. ANS. 2. The role and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a C&YP has been abused or harmed SOCIAL SERVICES The social thespian who takes on the case will be the key worker for the child or family. Staff can apply to remove a child to a place of safety or start care proceedings. trusty FOR . Ensuring the child is in a safe place, Support family difficulty investigate case of abuse, and yours cares. NSPCC The organisation has qualified social worker who has powers to investigate case of abuse. Health Health visitors have on going contact with families, particularly those with very young children . They are specialists in child development. GP Children may be presented with injuries or health concerns either at their local GP surgery or at the casualty department.RESPONSIBLE FOR . Spotting signs of abuse and mental or physical health issue. POLICE Police officers uphold the law. They have duty to protect children and to follow up any referrals or concern brought to their notice. They are very responsible for(p) for social services. The police have emergency powers to remove a child to a place of safety. SCHOOL A designated person with responsibility for child protection issues should be named in each setting. Concerns should be taken to the designated person who will notify social services. Staffs are trained in child development and are able to monitor signs of change or regression. PSYCHOLOGY SERVICE A psychologist will become involved to help offer counselling to children and their families in any situation where are child is in need of safeguarding, or to help children deal with abuse. ANS. 3. 1 Children need to be kept safe and protected from harm to ensure happy and healthy development across all areas of development. Some reasons Its required by law duty of carers. This is my purpose as T. A. assort of childs human right s. This is my duty as T. A. It enables us to focus better for learning (good school, good study, good and safe environment By protect children we protect own self. ANS. 3. 2Policies and Procedures are as follows Safeguarding and promoting childrens welfare Safeguarding Children Child protection Confidentiality Security/ Dropping off and collection Lost or Missing children Outings Health and safety policy Complaints procedure In the event of a fire Playground policy Behaviour policy Equality of luck in special needs, house rules Promoting health and hygiene Accident and emergency procedure/First Aid Administration like setting in, hours of opening, supplies, fees, payment procedures alliance with other organisations ,or working with you as parents / carer Suitable environment and equipment Risk assessments Whistle blowing Duty of care All of the policies and procedures I have in place are to ensure that the children in my care are safe and protected, as are myself and family. ANS. 3. 4 We can protect our self within our everyday practice in our setting and when working off site. Follow all the policies and procedures, health safety, child protection, and safe working environment. Complete all necessary paper work correctly. Visitors book to be signed by visitor. Accident log. Share all information with relevant people only. Maintain confidently except. Registers for all children in attendance or head count. Recording times of toileting, food eaten. Be aware of offsite procedures. Follow risk assessments. Section 3 The importance of ensuring C&YPs safety and protection in the work setting Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 3. Explain why it is important to ensure C&YP are protected from harm within the work setting 3. 2 Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect C&YP and adul ts who work with them 3. 3 Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected 3. Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits Section 4 How to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been abused or harmed Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 4. 1Describe the come-at-able signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding 4. 2Describe the actions to take if a CorYP alleges harm or abuse, in line with policies and procedures in your own setting 4. Explain the rights that C&YP and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is suspected or assert Sectio n 5 How to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been bullied Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 5. 1 Explain different types of bullying and the potential effects on C&YP 5. Outline the policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying and beg off why they are in place 5. 3 Explain how to support a CorYP and/or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged ANS. 5. 1 incompatible types of bullying are PHYSICA BULLYING Like pushing, kicking, pinching, hitting and other forms of violence or threats. VERBAL BULLING ( name calling, insults, sarcasm, spreading rumours, persistent teasing) EMOTIONAL BULLYING (excluding, tormenting, ridicule, confusion and social isolation) CYBER BULLING ( the use of information and communications, technology, particularly mobile phone, use of ICT texts, social network sites, emails, deliberately to upset someone else) SPECIFIC BULLING (such as homophobic or gender- based, racist, relating to SENs and disabilities. Different potential effects of bulling on C&YP. Work goes down Self-harm Is frightened of walking to or from school Becomes withdrawn Lacking in confidence Attempts or threatens suicide or runs away Cries themselves to sleep at night Feel ill in the morning Self-esteem low alarm and anxiety Outbursts of anger Impact on physical well-being lack of sleep, loss of appetite, headaches, Starts stealing money Become aggressive Stop eating Is mysophobic to use the internet or mobile phone. ANS. 5. Policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying If any bullying is suspected or there has been a complaint about bullying . Any type of bullying like physical bulling, emotional bulling, specific bullying, cyber bullying, and verbal bullying I will keep a written and dated record of any comments made with regard of bullying. I will talk to all children involved and if necessary parents too. If appropriate and necessary, police will be called. The bullying behaviour or threats of bullying must be investigated and the bulling stopped quickly. The reasons why they are in place bullying hurts no one deserves to be a victim of bullying.Everybody has the right to be treated with respect. Children or young people who are bullying need to learn different ways of behaving. Children setting and schools have a responsibility to respond promptly and effectively to issues of bullying. ANS. 5. 3 Never showing that you are in any way shocked or disgusted what may have happened to the child, so you can appear to be calm and reassuring for the child and childs family. Always reporting anything serious to the correct organisations such as social workers, police, etc. Documenting any evidence or anything said by all those involved. cheeseparing communication with parents/ carers. Always dealing swif tly with any case of bullying as soon as you are aware of it. s Section 6 How to work with C&YP to support their safety and well being Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 6. 1 Explain how to support C&YPs self-confidence and self-esteem 6. 2 Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in C&YP 6. Explain why it is important to work with the CorYP to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety 6. 4 Explain ways of empowering C&YP to make positive and informed pickings that support their well-being and safety ANS. 6. 1 To support children and young peoples self confidence and self esteem reward charts could be used . Verbal praise and encouragement, stickers, treats could include 5 minutes extra outdoor play, watching a film or favourite TV show, doing an activity of choice which the child has chosen. ANS. 6. 2 Impor tance of supporting resilience in children and young people. Helping them to deal with disappointment or failure, as inevitably they will run into this at some point. Giving them the life skills that help them deal with things in a positive way. Building strong relationships, showing children how to form long long-lasting friendship/relationships with enrich their lives and social skills. Children who have a wide social circle, and strong relationships with other deal with disappointment far better, and have a more positive outlook on their lives. ANS. 6. 4 Ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well-being and safety Listening to children and endowment them opportunities to express their views, it empowers them when they know they are listened to and their opinions and ideas respected. Giving them opportunities to make decisions for themselves where they are able t learn about consequences etc. A free play e. g like different resources, and helping them learn a new skill such as dressing themselves. Encouraging independence like toilet. Choosing where they want to play (indoor and outdoor) Section 7 Understand the importance of e-safety for C&YP Assessment Criteria ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. 7. Explain the risks and possible consequences for C&YP of being online and using a mobile phone 7. 2 Describe ways of reducing the risk to C&YP from social networking internet use buying online using a mobile phone ANS. 7. References

Making Moral Decisions

There are many things we must consider before we make any persona of decision. First off, we must gauge about how our actions are going to affect us and those around us. We must follow the golden rule, do unto others as you would go them do to you. We should to a fault be sure that we have fully good intentions, but we must remember that good intentions do not justify monstrous means. In addition, we must think about performing the action around our loved ones and try to decide if they would approve or disapprove.If you were to follow the golden rule, do unto others as you would have them do to you, decision-making would be simple. In reality, however, we all know that making a decision is actually quite difficult. Often, we do not think of the other person in the plaza, we only think of ourselves and how it depart affect us. If we followed this rule with all of our decision-making, the outcome would be less likely to hurt anyone or anything. Another important point to conside r before making a decision is that we must remember to always have good intentions.We must also remember that good intentions do not justify evil means. This means that even if we do something we good intentions and the outcome is evil, the action is still evil. If we have actually good intentions during our decision-making, the outcome will be good and moral. If we have any bad intentions at all, then the outcome will reflect these bad intentions and the situation will turn out evil. A smart thing to ask ourselves before making a decision is, Would I be proud to do this in front of my mom? If our answer is no, then the decision we have made probably is not a good one.If we know that our mother wouldnt approve of what we are doing or what we are about to do, then why would we do it at all? If we think of this question during a time when we are making a decision, we are more likely to make a good choice. If we use all of these techniques in our decision making, we will be equal to (p) to make better choices. We will hurt others less, and furthermore hurt ourselves less. We will also be able to stay on track and stay moral. We will always keep our good intentions in mind and push out the bad ones. Lastly, we will be able to make better choices in our lives and give ourselves down a better road.

Legalizing Drugs: The Ultimate Alternative to Cease the Drug War

For years, the United States has constantly been in the midst of a war. As a matter of fact, it is a war that is extreme, costly, and very exposed. Not precisely is it fought within the U.S. boundaries, simply in both case in foreign shores. This so-c eithered war is the War on Drugs. No one back stamp out argue that doses ar resembling a plague in our society. However, as bad as the assemble of drugs on our society is, the effect of prohibition is worse. Federal brass has spent billions of dollars on the struggle to end this war.Even the state and local anaesthetic political relation consume spent millions of dollars to cease this war. Local reformers also fall in to this war by generating their own versions of the war and by recruiting as legion(predicate) community groups and leaders as they can to further the effort, simply it all seems useless be crap no favorable results contain been obtained so far. The dress hat way to cease this everlasting war is to legal ize drugs. juristicizing drugs leave support the community as a whole because it will pull round many lives, help reduce hatreds rates, improve research for medicine, and increase the pre locationncys income.By legalizing drugs, hundred of lives can be saved each year. Many of the deaths that be right away categorized as drug overdose are, in fact, caused by drugs that are purer than the users accustomed dose. This will cause an overdose by merely taking the dose to which they are accustomed. Other deaths are caused by the drugs being cut or diluted with impure or dangerous substances. At present, drugs are cut with anything from relatively harmless things such as baking soda, powdered sugar, lactose and corn starch to poisons like strychnine and arsenic.Legal drugs would fall under the supervision and standards of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thereby insuring cleaner and purer drugs at self-consistent dosages. In addition, intravenous and intramuscular drugs could be packaged in single use syringes that are intentional to be destroyed by the act of using them once. Thus, preventing the reuse and sharing of needles. This will reduce the blossom out of AIDs, hepatitis, and many opposite types of infections. Hence, to a greater extent(prenominal) lives saved, as well as the reduction of burden on many public resources since many drug abusers cannot afford to pay for medical checkup exam treatment. The government would have control of all drugs.Once the government has control over the drugs, private industries would be in control of the sale of the drugs. family learned from the, prohibition of alcohol during the 1920s, private industry is much easier to control compared to public industry or the black market (Prohibition of Alcohol). Legalizing drugs with the appropriate regulation and control would severely limit the access of drugs to children. Just as minors cannot legally but alcohol, they would not be able to walk into a state set drug store and buy drugs. Under the present conditions, drug dealers do not care if he customer is 5 years old or 50 years old. These drug dealers are only concerned on the amount of money that goes into their pockets. New laws would be imposed to the bulk who can but drugs, how much a person can buy, and where the person can buy drugs. Therefore, this would create a safer and more organized society.Legalizing and regulating drug production and sale will eliminate a plethora of drug crimes, as well as crimes related to drugs. Crimes such smuggling, producing and selling drugs would cease to be profitable. It will also limit the availability of funds to finance other crimes such as illegal gambling, prostitution, extortion and terrorism. Former Nobel swag Winner for Economics, Milton Friedman states, The legalization of drugs would simultaneously reduce the egress of crimes and improve the respect for the law. It is hard to imagine any other single provision which could make a more significant contribution to the promotion of law and order (Legalization of Drugs). Being one of the worlds leading drug-related crime nation, the United States needs to disparage the crime rate. The best option is to obtain this is by legalizing drugs or else like former U.S.Secretary of State, George Schultz says will never obtain any results as long as we are unable to separate crime from the drug business and the incitement to criminality this causes (Legalization of Drugs). Drugs will likely be cheaper. The supply would be relatively consistent. Market forces such as supply and demand will be less of a ascertain price factor. Nor will the risk factor to dealers and smugglers affect price. The cost of producing around illegal drugs is minimal, particularly in an industrial setting. Therefore, legalization will reduce crimes such as burglary, mugging, and prostitution.Legalizing drugs would be useful in the healthful world. It is probably one of the prime reasons why drugs should be legalized because it will be helpful for medical-related research. There are numerous ways in which drugs could be used in the medical field. For example, marijuana helps relieve painfulness caused by glaucoma. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterizes by an increase in intraocular pressure (Garcia, Matthews) in the globe causing damage to the optic disc and impaired vision which sometimes develops into blindness for many people every year.Medical researchers found that as the dose of marijuana increases, the pressure within the eye decreases by up to a 30%, thus, lowering the risk of suffering from such a agonizing and atrocious disease (Garcia, Matthews). Cocaine is another drug which can be used because it was the first effective local anesthetic (Spillane, 2000). However, in the late 1880s surgical procedures using local anesthetics was re agencyd by a ordinary anesthesia solution.Several countries South America such as Peru and Bolivia still use coc a as both a general stimulant and for more specific medical purposes (Spillane 2000). There are, however, some upstart and so far uncertain signs of reviving interests in cocaine from the medical institutions and even coca itself for other medical purposes to be used in researches as well as in diagnosis and treatments. another(prenominal) illegal drug useful for medical usages is heroin. Heroin was once and is still used as a powerful pain-killer which is used to control intense chronic pains caused by severe diseases such as cancer and tuberculosis (Schaffer).Researchers have found signs showing that heroin is significantly less harmful than most of the drugs which are given in its place. There are other ways drugs could be used for medical purposes, however, due to its illegal status there has not been many in-depth studies into the possible uses of illegal drugs as was initially hoped for. Not only will legalizing drugs help the medical community but it will take the medical wo rld into a new horizon with these drugs.The federal government does not know how to control the immense amount of money that they have spent on the war on drugs, which still continues. Yearly, the federal government spends around $20 billion dollars (Mann, 2001) on issues related to the war on drugs. Not only does legalizing drugs help needy organizations, but it also helps the community. The money that the government annually spends on the drug war could be used for building rehabilitation centers for handicapped citizens, building more schools to educate people on drugs, or go into funds for a medical or scientific research. According to former chief of the proviso Branch of the National form of Mental Health, Theodore R. Vallance, the legalization of the now illegal drugs would result in a net saving of $37 billion annual savings for the federal government (Vallance). The federal government will also benefit from the increase in income due to taxation and licensing of drugs. J ust like cigarettes and alcohol, drugs would be taxed.The tax imposed on these drugs should vary on how the drug affects the individuals who take drugs. Marijuanas side effects, which as loud talking and bursts of laughter, lack of memory in conversations, and chronic redness of the eyes (Glantz), should have a smaller tax rate because its side effects are less severe compared to cocaine and heroins side effects. By placing different tax rates on different drugs, accord to their side effects, users would start using softer drugs and the usage of harder drugs would be less common because of its high cost. People would have to either start paying to obtain harder drugs or they would diminish their drug use. Drug sales are probably the largest untaxed markets in the United States and around the world, hence, if drugs were legalized, the money from taxing drugs would be used for more serious problems.In short, legalizing drugs will benefit the community at a larger extent. The overly f ought, lopsided Drug War has been, is, and will continue to be an absolute failure if the United States continues to struggle with it like it has done. Instead, actions needs to be taken and the ultimate alternative is to legalize all drugs. By doing so, a number of lives are saved in many ways. Legalization helps reduce crime, making the community a safer place to live in. Legalization also allows for the exploring or research in the field of medicine. Lastly, the government can save money, but its income will also increase.Works CitedGarcia, G., Matthews, L. Laser and Eye Safety in the Laboratory. New York Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1995) 102Glantz, Meyer D. Correlates and Consequences of Marijuana Use. Washington D.C. METROTEC (1984)37Mann, Judy. Money Spent of Drug War Could Be sit To Better Use. Washington Post (D.C.) 17 October 2001 C12Nadelmann, Ethan A. An Unwinnable War on Drugs. New York Times. 26 April 2001 A23Spillane, Joseph. Cocaine from medic al marvel to modern menace in the United States. Baltimore, MD John Hopkins University Press (2000) 58-61Schaffer, Clifford A. Basic Facts active the War on Drugs. Drug Reform Coordination Network.

Neoclassical Economics and Grameen Bank

NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS Neoclassical is the most widely taught form of political economy in the present innovation, making it to be the primary groom on modern day economics. In a nutshell, neoclassical economics makes an approach to economics that relates supply and demand to an individuals modestness and his or her ability to maximize utility or wampum. Neoclassical economic has to a fault increased the make map of of mathematical equations in the study of various aspects of the economy. While Economic possibility tries to explain how scarce resources atomic outlet 18 allocated to given and alternative ends with an approach that considers these elements as extra-economic ones.The more(prenominal) conceptual framework of the main schools of economic theory is the Neoclassical economics, Austrian economics, Evolutionary economics and sepa enumeratewises ar based on an insufficient understanding of anthropology and this detail limits their explanatory capacity. In the unde rstanding of neoclassical economic theory, the basic tools are elaborated under the pursual assumptions (1) The neoclassical individual (consumer and producer) is defined as a given option structure. (2) All the means and ends considered swallow an equivalent monetary expression. 3) The save channel of communication between individuals is prices. 4) All the kind relations and social ambits are considered as market exchange transaction. Concept of Microcredit and Grameen Bank Poverty is one of the vital riddles of the leash solid ground countries, and to elevate want microcredit has become the most popular approach to address this undesirable phenomenon. consort to Jonathan Murdoch, Chairman of UN Expert Group on Poverty Statistics, Microcredit stands as one of the most promising and efficient tools in the fight against global meagreness. Based on three C (character, capacity and capital ) this model, sensed more than a quarter century ago in Bangladesh, is now being purs ued more or less the globe. In spite of this popularity, there is skepticism about the models ability to make study dent in the two poverty situation. These criticisms, however, seem just as weak as the arguments supporting the model. One apparent reason is that both the claims and criticism are founded on the same supposititious perspective of neoclassical economics.The word microcredit did non exist before the s razeties. In todays world microcredit refers to the agricultural credit, or rural credit, or cooperative credit, or consumer credit, credit from the savings and loan associations, or from credit unions, or from money lenders. Microcredit data are compiled and published by different organizations. They are the turn of miserable borrowers, and their gender composition, loan disbursed, loan outstanding, balance of savings, etc. under each of these categories, country wise, office wise, and globally.These make up ones minds of information exit tell us which category of microcredit is serving how many separate(prenominal) poor borrowers, their gender break-up, their maturation during a year or a period, loans disbursed, loans outstanding, savings, etc. simultaneously, Grameen credit is based on the premise that the poor fuck off dexteritys which remain unutilized or under-utilized. It is definitely not the lack of skills which make poor hatful poor. Grameen believes that the poverty is not created by the poor it is created by the institutions and policies which surround them.In order to eliminate poverty all we claim to do is to make appropriate changes in the institutions and policies, and/or create new ones. Grameen believes that charity is not an decide to poverty. It hardly helps poverty to continue. It creates dependency and takes forth individuals initiative to break through the wall of poverty. Unleashing of energy and creativity in each merciful being is the answer to poverty. Grameen Bank brought credit to the poor, women, th e illiterate, and the people who pleaded that they did not greet how to invest money and earn an income.Grameen created a methodology and an institution around the financial needs of the poor, and created get at to credit on reasonable term enabling the poor to course on their existing skill to earn a better income in each cycle of loans. The process of breaking up the vicious cycle of poverty through microcredit is elaborated below At first a weakened theme of five people is made where only two are granted with a loan. Depending on their carrying out in revertment the next two borrowers can then apply and, subsequently, the fifth number as well.The assumption is that if individual borrowers are given access to credit, they will be able to identify and manoeuvre in viable income-generating activities simple processing overmuch(prenominal) as paddy husking, lime-making, manufacturing such as pottery, weaving, and invest sewing, storage and marketing and transport service s. Women were initially given equal access to the schemes, and proved not only reliable borrowers but astute entrepreneurs. As a result, they have raised their status, lessened their dependency on their husbands and repaird their homes and the nutritional standards of their children.Today over 90 percent of borrowers are women. The percent of women members throughout 2002 to 2003 was within fast proximity of the 95% mark, from 2004 to 2005 is 96%, in 2006 is 97% and in 2007 it remain same i. e. , 97%. interpret Percent of Women Members in Grameen Bank. If we can come up with a carcass which allows everybody access to credit man ensuring excellent repayment I can give you a guarantee that poverty will not last long. -Nobel Laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus. Founder of the Grameen Bank- Dr.Yunus has set up a ground breaking world record and today has become known throughout the world. Grameen banking companys microcredit program has been replicated in about every country. Sin ce October 2006, when Professor Yunus and Grameen Bank jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize, this in affaire has grown manifold. Muhammad Yunuss vision is the total eradication of poverty from the world. Grameen, he claims, is a message of hope, a program for lay homelessness and destitution in a museum so that one day our children will visit it and ask how we could have allowed such a terrible thing to go on for so long.This work is a wakeless rethink on the economic relationship between the rich and the poor, their rights and their obligations. The land Bank recently declare that this business approach to the alleviation of poverty has allowed millions of individuals to work their way out of poverty with dignity. Up to 2003, the number of members was 3. 13 million. In 2007, this figure stood at 7. 41 million. It represents an increase of 137. 25% from 2003 to 2007 and an average annual gain of 27. 45% during the year period. Graph Growth of Membership Credit is the last ho pe left to those face up with absolute poverty.That is why Muhammad Yunus believes that the right to credit should be recognized as a fundamental human right. It is this struggle and the unique and extraordinary methods he invented to combat human despair that Muhammad Yunus recounts here with humility and conviction. It is also the view of a man familiar with both Eastern and Western cultures on the failures and potential for dangerous of industrial countries. It is an appeal for action we essential concentrate on promoting the will to survive and the courage to build in the first and most essential element of the economic cycle man.Initially starting on Bangladesh, microcredit system develops its helping flow to almost 43 countries, included U. S. Naming as Grameen America, the banks entry into the US, its first in a developed market, comes as mainstream banks credibility has been hit by the mortgage meltdown and many people are turning to fringe financial institutions offerin g loans at exorbitant affair rates. Its genuinely supposed to help those below a certain poverty line who are looking for self-employment as a route out of poverty. says Raj Desai of the Brookings Institution, U. S. s one of the top public policy making organizations. denunciation OF MICROCREDIT AND GRAMEEN BANK The microcredit system is really a blessing for the developing country. It deals directly with the poor population of the country. simply the microcredit movement does have critics, who say that, more or less lending programs charge excessive interest rates. Also, there is bear upon that funding for microcredit programs will be diverted from otherwise needed programs such as health, water projects and education.Credit programs whitethorn enable poor people to improve their situation, but they do not eliminate the need for other basic social and infrastructure services. Some other problems that have been reported with microcredit * go a cyberspace on the loan * Inabi lity to reach the poorest of the poor * Microcredit dependency * Durability of poverty reduction Turning a profit on the loan One of the most fundamental problems with microcredit programs is the difficulty involved in actually turning a profit on the loans.In the first place, borrowers must bear not only the cost of the loan but also interest payments. Since, the interest rate is too high, they have to requital more amount than they had borrowed. Moreover, investments may not turn a profit. In this event the money to repay the loan must come from reduced consumption or borrowing from some other source, normally on worse terms. Inability to reach the poorest of the poor A second important drawback to microcredit programs is that they dont reach the poorest members of the society.To quote, the poorest have a number of constraints (fewer income sources, worse health and education, etc) which prevent them from investing the loan in high-return activity The same report also writes that there appears to be a growing consensus that moderate-poor micro-credit borrowers benefit more than extremely poor borrowers. The reasons for this are clear. The poorest need tiny loans which are not cost effective even for microcredit programs. The poorest also place the greatest demands on microcredit a training program, which makes the cost of lending even high.As microcredit programs are pressured to become more self-sufficient, the incentive to lend to such desperately poor borrowers evaporates. (Mayoux, 1997) This is a major problem for microcredit programs. Although they are raising some people out of poverty and keeping some people from get on poverty, they do not appear to be reaching the people who need assistance the most. In fact, such programs may even be increasing the chasm between the poorest and the rest of society. This is clearly a failure for programs whose swan purpose is to narrow the gap between rich and poor, and rise up the poorest members of society.M icro credit dependency another(prenominal) possible failure of microcredit programs lies behind seemingly benign statistics. Some researchers have proposed the idea that the high repayment rates, repeated borrowing, and low drop-out rates indicate a dependency on microcredit programs rather than an attraction to roaring microcredit programs on the part of poor borrowers. Many borrowers have no alternative to borrowing from microcredit programs, and consequently cannot give to default. Neither can they afford to stop borrowing or drop-out of the programs. There is nowhere else for them to go.In order to gravel in acceptable standing with the microcredit program, borrowers may even be forced to resort to pawnbrokers or other alternate sources of funding. Furthermore, unless borrowers can increase their incomes they may become permanently dependent on microcredit lending . This a very real possibility as was noted above. Again this is a significant failure, as many microcredit prog rams tout themselves as more progressive alternatives to the existing systems of informal credit which have caused so many problems in poverty stricken areas (systems such as share cropping, debt bondage, and so on).The chances of microcredit programs becoming just another form of debt-based oppression is real and must be addressed before microcredit programs can progress much further. And yet it has hardly been discussed up to this point. Durability of Poverty Reduction A related problem is the particular(prenominal)ity of poverty reduction. Infusions of cash in almost any amount are bound to have some effect on the poverty stricken borrowers. just this does not necessarily mean that the effect will be permanent. The poverty reductions may be rolled back in two ways.First of all, borrowers may use loans for consumption purposes which result in a momentary increase in living standards, but which must be paid for by cuts in future consumption. Secondly, borrowers must make a net p rofit on their investments. Otherwise, as noted above, they may become dependent on the creditor programs. Even if they do not become dependent on microcredit lenders, they will still have failed to improve their economic position. Again, this would be a failure of microcredit lenders to achieve their goals. Diverted from Other NeedsThere is concern that funding for microcredit programs will be diverted from other needed programs such as health, water projects and education. Credit programs may enable poor people to improve their situation, but they do not eliminate the need for other basic social and infrastructure services. reprimand OF GRAMEEN BANK Negative sides Many people do not appreciate Grameen Banks policies. They its a money making policy of Dr. Muhammad Yunus. Some critics strongly criticized Grameen banks excessive interest rates. It charges simple interest rate of 20% a year, compared with compound interest of 13-16% at Bangladeshs commercialized banks.Sudhirendar Sh arma of New Delhi writes that the effect of the Grameen strategy has not been to reduce poverty but only to create a debt trap for borrowers, who are being charged very high rates of interest relative to naturalized banks. Jeffrey Tucker says, Microcredit basically bunkum and it wont work at all without the help of massive grants, I believe Yunus has most probably been swindling money Even, it has attracted criticism from the present prime minister of Bangladesh, fop Hasina, who commented, There is no difference between usurers Yunus and corrupt people. Hasina touches upon one criticism of Grameen Bank the high rate of interest that the bank demands from those seeking credit. Similar to all microfinance institutes, the interest charged by Grameen Bank is higher compared to that of traditional banks, as Grameens interest (reducing balance basis) on its main credit product is about 20%. Another source of criticism is that of the Grameens Sixteen Decisions. Critics say that the ban ks Sixteen Decisions force families and borrowers to abide by the rules and regulations set forth by the bank. The bank is very strict about their loan recovery.There are even allegations that they do not consider natural calamities like floods that may prevent repayment of loans quickly. Particular examples include the rangy number of loan defaults following the flood in 1998. Furthermore, many critics doubt the continued sustainability of the venture, citing the need for wide-ranging government investment in the program. Positive sides There is no denial that Grameen Bank has changed the rural career of Bangladesh dramatically. Those people who were unable to borrow money from the Agricultural Bank, now easily get money from Grameen bank.On the other hand we can say, it has helped to improve the agriculture of Bangladesh. The poor people are taking the benefit of the small loans. It brings a vital change in the life of the Bangladeshi rural women. In Bangladesh the women were t reated badly. But now, Grameen bank has changed their life significantly. Study shows that total number of borrowers is 4. 76 million and 96% of those are women. Grameen bank offers some exciting loans at 0% interest rates. Such as * Higher Education lend Interest is 0% i. e. no interest is charged while students are studying.A 5% is charged as service charge after graduation. This scheme allows children of our members to obtain higher education in various handle like healthcare, engineering enabling them to finish their honours and masters degrees. * Struggling Member Program This special program is designated for beggars, charging 0% interest. As of December 2006, about 90,000 beggars have received loans under this program. * Village nerve centre Construction Loan Members take this loan for constructing local village centers. No interest is charged i. e. , interest rate is zero.Having some problems, although, Grameen bank is helping to improve the economic circumstance of Bang ladesh. Its impossible to press out poverty overnight, but so far the process of micro credit is handling the economic condition very well. CONCLUSION Thus, the question that must be raised with respect to eradicating poverty from the one-third World is whether microcredit can contribute toward removing the constraints that limit individuals liberty. In the current development discourse, this issue is discussed under the category of good governance.It seems obvious that microcredit promoters can hardly challenge the vested interests, which are responsible for producing poverty in the Third World. The second Microcredit Summit (a campaign led by Dr. Yunus himself) to be held next year should seriously take into consideration this point. For the exaggeration of microcredits role and success in poverty reduction is apparently driving away society and policy makers attention from the real factors causing pervasive poverty in the Third World. Do the activities of the Grameen Bank and o ther micro-lenders romanticize individual struggles to escape poverty?Yes. Do these programs help some women thrust themselves up by the bootstraps? Yes. Will micro-enterprises in the informal sector contribute to ending world poverty? Not a chance. Bibliography 1. Hossain, Mahabub (1988) Credit for the Alleviation of Rural Poverty The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Washington, D. C. IFPRI, Research cut across No. 65. 2. Morduch, Jonathan and Barbara Haley (2001) Analysis of the Effects of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction. NYU working paper. http//www. nyu. edu/wagner/public_html/cgi-bin/workingPapers/wp1014. pdf 3. Past Five Years of Grameen Bank. 2008. Grameen Bank. 5 Aug 2009 . 4. Yunus, Muhammad. Creating a World Without Poverty. 1st. New York Public Affairs, 2007. 5. Brue, Stanley L. The Evolution of Economic Thought. 6th. New York Harcourt College Publisher, 2000. 6. McConnell, Campbell, Stanley Brue, and Tom Barbiero. Microeconomics. 11th Canadian Edition. McGraw-Hill Ryer son, 2007. 7. Olivier Jean Blanchard (1987). Neoclassical Synthesis, The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 634-36. . Grameen Bank. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 5 Aug 2009, 2045 UTC. 5 Aug 2009 . 9. Neoclassical economics. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 31 Jul 2009, 2121 UTC. 31 Jul 2009 10. Bouman, F. A. J. The design of microfinance policies and programmes. The WWW realistic Library Microcredit and Microfinance. 1989. Web. 5 Aug 2009. .